Tagged: kem
15 entries
- BIKEStandards · BIKE is a code-based key-encapsulation mechanism using QC-MDPC codes with compact keys, not chosen by NIST in round 4 due to decoding-failure-rate concerns.
- Classic McElieceStandards · Classic McEliece is a code-based key-encapsulation mechanism from 1978, the oldest unbroken post-quantum scheme, with very large keys and tiny ciphertexts.
- Code-based cryptographyFoundations · Code-based cryptography builds encryption on the hardness of decoding random linear codes, from McEliece in 1978 to the NIST-selected HQC KEM.
- FrodoKEMStandards · FrodoKEM is a key-encapsulation mechanism built on plain, unstructured LWE, trading larger keys and slower operations for a conservative security margin.
- Fujisaki-Okamoto transformGlossary · The Fujisaki-Okamoto transform turns a weakly secure encryption scheme into an IND-CCA2 secure key encapsulation mechanism, the method behind ML-KEM.
- HQCStandards · HQC is a code-based key-encapsulation mechanism selected by NIST in March 2025 as a backup to ML-KEM, adding non-lattice diversity to the PQC standards.
- Hybrid cryptography (PQ/T hybrid)Migration · Hybrid cryptography combines a classical algorithm with a post-quantum one so that security holds as long as either component remains unbroken.
- IND-CCA2Glossary · IND-CCA2 is indistinguishability under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack, the standard security target that post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms must meet.
- KEM combinerGlossary · A KEM combiner merges a classical and a post-quantum shared secret into one key that stays secure if either mechanism holds, the core of hybrid cryptography.
- Key encapsulation mechanism (KEM)Glossary · A key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) uses a public key to establish a shared secret, the primitive that replaces Diffie-Hellman in post-quantum protocols.
- Lattice-based cryptographyFoundations · Lattice-based cryptography builds encryption and signatures on hard lattice problems such as LWE and underpins the NIST standards ML-KEM and ML-DSA.
- liboqsMigration · liboqs is an open source C library from the Open Quantum Safe project that provides a unified API for post-quantum key encapsulation and signature schemes.
- ML-KEM (FIPS 203)Standards · ML-KEM is the module-lattice key-encapsulation mechanism of FIPS 203, formerly CRYSTALS-Kyber, and the default post-quantum key establishment method.
- Post-quantum algorithm comparisonStandards · Reference comparison of ML-KEM, ML-DSA, SLH-DSA, FN-DSA, and HQC against RSA and elliptic-curve cryptography on sizes, speed, and security basis.
- Signal PQXDHMigration · Signal PQXDH is the Signal Protocol post-quantum initial key agreement, combining X25519 with Kyber since September 2023 to resist harvest now, decrypt later.